성인 1_Respiratory Ventilators

Low Pressure
Patient stops breathing spontaneously
Disconnection or Leak
Leak in the vent or patient airway cuff

High Pressure
Increased secretions or mucus plug
Wheezing
Endotracheal tube displacement
H20 in the tube
Kink in the tube
Patient biting, coughing, or gagging on the tube.
Anxiety or fighting vent

Modes of Ventilation
1. SIMV – Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation
Definition: The ventilator delivers a preset number of mandatory breaths per minute, but allows the patient to breathe spontaneously between those breaths.
Key Feature: Patient-initiated breaths are not assisted by the ventilator.
Use Case: Commonly used for weaning patients off mechanical ventilation.

2. Assist Control (AC)
Definition: The ventilator delivers a preset tidal volume (or pressure) either when the patient initiates a breath or if the patient doesn’t initiatethe ventilator provides it automatically.
Key Feature: Every breath—whether initiated by the patient or the machine—is fully supported by the ventilator.
Use Case: For patients who are critically ill and need full ventilatory support (e.g., ARDS, post-cardiac arrest).

3. PEEP – Positive End Expiratory Pressure
Definition: PEEP is not a ventilation mode but a ventilator setting used in conjunction with other modes.
Function: Maintains a positive pressure in the lungs at the end of expiration to prevent alveolar collapse.
Use Case: Prevents atelectasis, improves oxygenation in conditions like ARDS or pulmonary edema.

4. Controlled Ventilation (CV)
Definition: The ventilator delivers a set rate and volume, and the patient does not initiate any breaths.
Key Feature: Total control—used when the patient is apneic or completely dependent on the ventilator.
Use Case: Conditions like Guillain-Barré syndrome, tetanus, polio, or deep sedation/paralysis.

Forms of Oxygen Masks
1. Non-Rebreather Mask (NRB)
O₂ Concentration: Delivers 90–100% oxygen.
Key Feature: Has a reservoir bag attached and one-way valves that prevent exhaled air from entering the bag.
Important: The bag should remain inflated during use; if it deflates, oxygen delivery is compromised.
Use Case: Emergency situations where high oxygen is needed (e.g., trauma, severe hypoxia, shock).

2. Venturi Mask (Venti Mask)
O₂ Concentration: Delivers precise concentrations of O₂ (usually 24%–60%, depending on the dial setting).
Key Feature: Uses color-coded adapters or dials to regulate exact O₂ concentration via air entrainment system.
Use Case: Ideal for COPD patients who require accurate and controlled oxygen delivery to avoid suppressing respiratory drive.

3. Simple Face Mask
O₂ Concentration: Delivers 40–60% oxygen at 5–10 L/min.
Key Feature: No reservoir bag; room air mixes with delivered O₂.
Use Case: Short-term use when moderate oxygen levels are needed.

4. Nasal Cannula
O₂ Concentration: Delivers 24–44% oxygen at 1–6 L/min.
Key Feature: Lightweight, allows patient to eat, talk, and move.
Use Case: Most common method for patients needing low-flow supplemental O₂.

5. Partial Rebreather Mask
O₂ Concentration: Delivers 60–80% oxygen.
Key Feature: Has a reservoir bag, no one-way valves, so some exhaled air mixes with the oxygen.
Use Case: Moderate-to-high oxygen needs, not as precise as NRB.

 

본 블로그에 작성된 글은 NCLEX 공부를 하며 사운더스 등의 자료를 참고해 정리한 개인적인 학습 기록입니다.
해당 자료의 저작권은 사운더스에 있으며, 이를 개인적인 공부를 위한 열람은 가능하지만, 무단 배포나 판매 목적으로 사용하는 것은 절대 금지됩니다

This blog post is a personal study record created while preparing for the NCLEX, based on resources such as Saunders and similar materials. "The copyright for these materials belongs to Saunders. Viewing for personal study purposes is permitted, but unauthorized distribution or use for commercial purposes is strictly prohibited".